Terminology — G to J

This list of words related to the Internet and the World Wide Web is intended for non-specialists. If you want more precise or more technical definitions, we have listed some resources on our links page.

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GIF

The Graphic Interchange Format is an image format that uses no more than 256 colors. The GIF format — one of the image formats that works well on the Web — was introduced by CompuServe in 1987.

Hits

Refers to the number of files that are downloaded from a Web server. Keeping track of hits is a way of measuring traffic to a Web site. Because it’s not unusual for a Web site to contain hundreds or even thousands of files, the number of hits a site receives is much greater than the number of actual visitors.

HTML

HyperText Markup Language is used to define the various components of a World Wide Web document. HMTL is read by your browser (Internet Explorer or Mozilla Firefox, for example), and defines how the Web pages will look and how the visitor will be able to move around the Web site. HTML was invented by Tim Berners-Lee while he worked at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire — the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva, Switzerland).

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

The Internet protocol that specifies how a Web page and its components are asked for and received by Web servers and browsers.

Image Map

Refers to an image that has been made interactive by the addition of multiple links.

I.P. Address

An Internet Protocol address. This address is the main identifier of a computer on the internet. Every device connected to the internet must have one. I.P. addresses are four numbers (from 0 to 255) separated by a dot, 205.214.84.236 for example.

Inbound Link

A link from another web site that brings traffic. Often used to measure link popularity.

I.S.P.

An Internet Service Provider is a company that provides connections between your location and the Internet.

Java

A computer programming language developed by Sun Microsystems for use on the World Wide Web.

Javascript

A computer programming language developed by the European Computer Manufacturers Association (E.C.M.A.) for use on Web sites. Javascript is relatively small and fast, and is probably the most common language used for providing interactivity on Web sites.

JPEG

An acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group, an industry committee that developed a compression standard for still images. Files with the extensions .jpg or .jpeg use this particular compression standard, which is generally best for putting photographs on Web sites. A .jpg file can have millions of colors, unlike .gif, which is limited to 256 colors.

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